Recovery Plan Ad Hoc Report results
Query parameters:
Entity ID=634AND
Document ID=400274| Plan Title | Plan Stage | Plan Lead Region (FWS) | Plan Lead Office (FWS) | Species Common Name | Species Scientific Name | Action Priority | Action Number | Action Description | Action Status | Estimated Initiation Date | Estimated Completion Date | Action Lead Agencies | Responsible Parties | Work Types | Labor Types | Comments | Implementation Activity Number | Implementation Activity Description | Implementation Activity Status | Implementation Activity Estimated Initiation Date | Implementation Activity Estimated Completion Date | Implementation Activity Labor Types | Implementation Activity Work Types | Implementation Activity Responsible Parties | Implementation Activity Comments | Implementation Activity Species |
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| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 111 | Secure habitat on Kahuku Ranch | Complete | Prior to FY 1995 | FY 2000 - FY 2004 | Other | Damon Estate, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park | Acquisition: Fee Title | Internal Technical Assistance | The land was purchased from Damon Estate by the National Park Service and added to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park in 2004. While ES was originally identified as the lead for this task, it has been taken over the the National Park Service. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 112 | Secure habitat in Waiakea and Kapapala Forest Reserves | Partially Complete | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Acquisition: Management Agreement | Internal Technical Assistance | Small areas within Waiakea and Kapapala (<10 ac) have been fenced and are managed for the Mauna Loa silversword, but larger landscape areas will be needed for full recovery. All are under the jurisdiction of the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, which is therefore the lead agency, even though ES was orginally designated as the lead. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 113 | Secure habitat in Volcano National Park | Complete | Prior to FY 1995 | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park | Acquisition | Internal Technical Assistance | The National Park Service has agreed to long-term protection of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park lands in the Mauna Loa Strip area for Mauna Loa silversword recovery efforts. National Park Service is the lead for this task, even though ES was originally designated as lead. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 12111 | Enhance and maintain fencing at Keapohina | Ongoing Current | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Internal Technical Assistance | The National Park Service has repaired the fence around the original wild population and increased the fenced area by approximately 20 acres, as well as 2 other 20-30 acres sites nearby for additional reintroductions. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 12112 | Enhance and maintain Waiakea fencing | Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | FY 2008 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Internal Technical Assistance | The entire bog complex at Waiakea containing Mauna Loa silverswords has been fenced to exclude pigs and is being maintained by Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 1212 | Eradicate feral ungulates in areas around exclosures | Partially Complete | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Internal Technical Assistance | Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has removed animals from a larger fenced area around the reintroduced population in the Mauna Loa Strip area. The removal of ungulates in a larger area around existing wild populations has not started at Keapohina or on State lands. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 122 | Identify other extant populations and manage threats | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Population Surveys | Species Expert | Hawaiian Silversword Foundation, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife are continually searching for additional populations within suitable habitat. The Kapapala population on State land was rediscovered in 1996 and has since been monitored annually. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 1241 | Map and monitor Waiakea individuals | Ongoing Current | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Population Surveys, Management: Population Monitoring | Species Expert, Contract | The population is monitored annually by the Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and/or Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Detailed counts of all size and age classes are not conducted, however, because the bog habitat is extremely fragile and it is difficult to see young plants within the bog, making the trampling impacts from monitoring too risky. In 2012, there were approx. 200-300 plants in the remnant population. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 1242 | Map and monitor Keapohina individuals | Ongoing Current | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Population Surveys | Species Expert | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and the National Park Service monitor this population at least annually. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 1243 | Map and monitor newly established individuals | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Population Surveys | Species Expert | The Kapapala, Waiakea, and Keapohina wild populations, and the reintroductions at these three sites as well as in the Mauna Loa Strip area of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Kulani, Kipuka Ainahou, Waiakea Forest Reserve, and Hilo Forest Reserve on State lands are monitored annually. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 1 | 125 | Determine effect of alien plants on the Ka`u silversword | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park | Research: Competition | Internal Technical Assistance | Currently, alien plant species do not appear to be a threat to the Mauna Loa silversword except for the bog population at Waiakea and outplanted populations in other bogs. At these sites, Axonopus fissifolius and Carex sp. are being controlled. Alien plant threats at the other sites are assessed when silversword populations are monitored, and if any appear to be threats, additional research and/or management actions will be taken. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 1231 | Post warning signs on fences | Obsolete | Prior to FY 1995 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Other | Internal Technical Assistance | The Waiakea population has a sign posted, since it is easily accessible to the public and within a State hunting unit. The areas within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park do not require posted signs, as the park has many signs throughout discouraging damage to native vegetation and geological features. The value of warning signs has been brought into question in Hawaii, as other posted populations have encouraged rather than discouraged vandalism. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 21 | Determine the environmental factors affecting habitat preference | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Technical Assistance | This is an ongoing effort, constantly refined as more is learned about the success or failure of various reintroduction efforts and the survivorship of wild individuals. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 22 | Assess the factors limiting germination and establishment | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Technical Assistance | This is an ongoing effort, constantly refined as more is learned about the success or failure of various propagation methods and reintroduction efforts. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 23 | Assess the factors influencing reproductive biology | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Research: Habitat Requirements | Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance | This is an ongoing effort, constantly refined as more is learned about the success or failure of propagation efforts, various reintroduction efforts, and population monitoring. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 24 | Develop and implement genetic management techniques as needed | Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Management: Propagation | Contract | The genetics of the Mauna Loa silversword have been studied using microsatellite markers by a population geneticist at Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden and the three wild populations, which occur in very different habitats, are genetically distinct. This information has been incorporated into the reintroduction efforts for this species by maintaining the genetic distinctness of the different habitat preferences. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 25 | Research/monitor insect and disease damage | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Research: Population Surveys | Internal Field Assistance | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife continually monitor for insect and disease damage. In 2003, propagated individuals were infested with fungus, and so were destroyed rather than reintroduced. A native tephritid insect eats the seeds, but does not appear to reduce the seed supply significantly. All sites are monitored for ants, which prey on the solitary bees that pollinate the silversword. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 26 | Determine causes of pre-flowering mortality | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Contract | The populations are continually monitored for mortality. Many plants in unfenced areas remain in the juvenile size class for years or even decades before dying without flowering. The causes are most likely predation by feral ungulates and/or establishment in poor quality sites with not enough soil for full growth and reproduction. While no detailed experimental research is occurring, monitoring of wild and outplanted populations provides a great deal of information that enhances future reintroduction efforts. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 27 | Develop methods to reduce other threats, as necessary | Not Started | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Management: Other, Research: Management Techniques | Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance | This has not been needed to date. | ||||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 311 | Choose sites in the Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife are working together to select reintroduction sites in the Waiakea Forest Reserve. Several sites have been selected and have already received reintroduction materials, and surveys are ongoing for additional sites in the area. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 312 | Choose sites on Kahuku Ranch and in Kapapala Forest Reserve | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Acquisition: Management Agreement | Internal Field Assistance | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife have selected one site in Kapapala and are conducting reintroduction there, and are surveying for additional sites. The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are currently expanding fencing in Kahuku for additional reintroduction efforts there. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 313 | Consider sites in other areas of the historical range | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Acquisition: Management Agreement | Internal Field Assistance | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife are also reintroducing plants at sites in Hilo Forest Reserve and Kipuka Ainahou. The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation, Three Mountain Alliance Management Group, and Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife are reintroducing plants into Kulani Correctional Facility, Puu Makaala Natural Area Reserve, Upper Waikea Forest Reserve, Hilo Forest Reserve, Kipuka Ainahou, and Keauhou Ranch. The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are reintroducing plants into the Mauna Loa Strip and Kahuku areas of the park. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 32 | Protect the new sites | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park | Acquisition: Management Agreement | Contract | All of the reintroduction sites are on Federal or State lands and are managed for endangered species. Federal lands are managed by the National Park Service and State lands by HIDFor, so DE should be removed as responsible party. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 331 | Construct and maintain fencing at new sites | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Internal Field Assistance | All of the reintroduction sites are fenced or in the process of being fenced to exclude feral pigs and mouflon sheep. In Kulani, Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, and Kipuka Ainahou invasive alien plant species are being controlled. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 332 | Reduce ungulate populations through hunting | Partially Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Damon Estate, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Predator and Competitor Control | Internal Field Assistance | Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has removed animals from a larger fenced area around the reintroduced population in the Mauna Loa Strip area. The removal of ungulates in a larger area around existing wild populations has not started at Keapohina or on State lands. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 341 | Implement cross-pollination for plants that will flower | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Propagation | Internal Field Assistance | Cross-pollination is conducted within each population, but not between populations (see #24). In addition, material is grown in the Volcano Rare Plant Facility from wild collected seeds or cuttings to use as a managed breeding population, allowing the production of more seed. Only 1st generation seedlings are used for reintroductions. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 342 | Collect ripe seed from fruiting plants in each population | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Propagation | Internal Field Assistance | Seed from wild and controlled breeding stock are collected every year, from both cross-pollinated and naturally pollinated flowers. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 343 | Develop methods for seed storage | Partially Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Propagation | Internal Field Assistance | Short-term (1-3 years) storage is possible with moderate humidity in refrigeration. Tests for long-term storage still need to be conducted. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3441 | Choose microsites to be seeded | Planned | FY 2006 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | U.S.G.S. Biological Resources Division has submitted a proposal to conduct broadcast seeding experiments. If the proposal is funded, this work should begin FY 2006. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3442 | Seed protected sites | Ongoing Current | FY 2010 | FY 2020 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | The Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the Silversword Foundation have begun direct seeding in the Waiakea fenced area. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3443 | Monitor seeded sites and record success | Planned | FY 2010 | FY 2020 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | The Divison of Forestry and Wildlife and the Silversword Foundation have begun direct seeding in Waiakea Forest Reserve. Seedlings have been found in the fenced areas. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 345 | Review seeding success and change methods as necessary | Ongoing Current | FY 2010 | FY 2019 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | The Division of Forestry and Wildife and the Silversword Foundation have begun direct seeding in the Waiakea Forest Reserve. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 351 | Determine best methods for greenhouse propagation | Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Research: Propagation | Internal Field Assistance | Volcano Rare Plant Facility has been propagating reintroduction material by the 1000's every year since 1999. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 352 | Propagate plants for re-establishment | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Propagation | Internal Field Assistance | Volcano Rare Plant Facility has been propagating reintroduction material by the 1000's every year since 1999. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3531 | Choose microsites for outplanting | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | The method of selecting reintroduction microsites is constantly being refined, but is relatively successful, with at least 80% survivorship to date. One exception is one reintroductions into Kulani pocket bogs, which flooded and killed many of the outplants. Plants are now put into microsites further away from the edge of the pocket bogs. The only other exception is the use of Waiakea source material for reintroduction into a more dry habitat on Mauna Loa Strip in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The plants did not grow well, and were subsequently destroyed when one mouflon sheep got into the fenced area. Since then, Kapapala source material was found and has been used at this reintroduction site with much greater success. As of 2012, a total of 25,246 seedlings have been outplanted across the 6 main sites in Hawaii Volcano National Park, State forest reserves and Natural area reserves. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3532 | Outplant seedlings | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See #3531. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 3533 | Monitor outplanted sites and record success | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See 3531. As of 10/06/2005 6,525 seedlings have been reintroduced from 22 Waiakea founders and survivorship is ca 40%; 13,729 seedlings have been reintroduced from 96 Kapapala founders and survivorship is ca 80%; 387 seedlings have been reintroduced from 19 Kahuku founders with ca 99% survivorship, and seed was collected in September 2005 from an additional 34 founders from Kahuku stock. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 354 | Review outplanting success and change methods, as necessary | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See #3531, 3532, 3533. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 4111 | Determine need to enhance current populations | Complete | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Demographic Studies | Internal Field Assistance | Because all of the wild populations are relatively small, the species is long-lived and monocarpic (only flowers once), and only a small porportion of the population flowers in any given year, each of the populations is being augmented. | ||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 4112 | Identify specific areas to expand | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Habitat Requirements | Internal Field Assistance | See #4111. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 412 | Spread seed | Not Started | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See #343 through #345. | ||||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 413 | Transplant seedlings if necessary | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Management: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See #351 through 354. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 414 | Monitor success of seeding and transplanting | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Reintroduction | Internal Field Assistance | See #3533. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 2 | 415 | Maintain records of all enhancement activities | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Research: Reintroduction | Species Expert | The Hawaiian Silversword Foundation is the central database for all data related to the Mauna Loa silversword reintroduction. Data is collected by the Hawaiian Silversword Foundation, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and Volcano Rare Plant Facility. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 3 | 1232 | Prepare and distribute education materials | Ongoing Current | FY 1995 - FY 1999 | Other | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Other: Information and Education | Internal Administrative | Several articles on the silversword reintroduction have appeared in the Endangered Species Bulletin and popular magaizines. Volunteers from the correctional facility, local schools, and the local community are recruited for reintroduction efforts, and so learn about the recovery efforts. Additional efforts to reach the general public are still needed, as well as scientific articles to share the reasons for success of what is probably the largest single species reintroduction effort in the country. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 3 | 51 | Estimate # of plants & populations needed for long term survival | Ongoing Current | FY 2000 - FY 2004 | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division | Management: Planning | Internal Administrative | The true success of this large reintroduction effort will not be known until planted individuals flower and produce viable seeds that become established naturally. In the meantime, the results of current efforts lead the species experts to believe that downlisting will be possible when 10 populations (sustainable recovery for each source population, since in very different habitats and the three sources populations are genetically divergent based on micro-satellite data), with 2,500-3,000 reproductive-sized individuals in each population (self-incompatible, monocarpic, and long-lived) are sustained over 25 years (second generation recruitment in reintroduced plants expected); and management maintained in perpetuity or until no longer necessary. | |||||||||||
| Recovery Plan for the Ka`u Silversword (Argyroxiphium kauense) | F | 1 | Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400 | Mauna Loa (=Ka'u) silversword | Argyroxiphium kauense | 3 | 52 | Revise recovery objectives | Not Started | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources | Other: Administration | Internal Administrative | The revision of recovery objectives will be considered when planted indivdiuals begin producing viable seeds and natural seedling establishment occurs. At that point, the likelihood of success of the reintroduction effort will be better understood, and numbers of individuals needed can be adjusted based on reproductive success. |