Report Results

Recovery Plan Ad Hoc Report results

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Entity ID=742

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Document ID=600315

Plan Title	Plan Stage	Plan Lead Region (FWS)	Plan Lead Office (FWS)	Species Common Name	Species Scientific Name	Action Priority	Action Number	Action Description	Action Status	Estimated Initiation Date	Estimated Completion Date	Action Lead Agencies	Responsible Parties	Work Types	Labor Types	Comments	Implementation Activity Number	Implementation Activity Description	Implementation Activity Status	Implementation Activity Estimated Initiation Date	Implementation Activity Labor Types	Implementation Activity Work Types
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	1	Identify ownership of all known populations	Ongoing Not Current	FY 2020	FY 2022	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, Region 5, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement	Management: Other	Labor type not yet selected	Need to change lead office to CBFO
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	2	Identify gaps of protected habitat throughout the species' range	Not Started	FY 2020	FY 2022	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, Region 5, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement	Management: General	Labor type not yet selected	Need to change to CBFO as species lead.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	3	Determine overall priorities for land protection	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, Region 5, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement	Acquisition: Other	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	4	Coordinate among governmental agencies and conservation organizations in providing permanent protection	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, Federal Agencies, State agencies, Region 5, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Fish and Wildlife Enhancement, Private research or academic institutions	Management	Internal Administrative	Plus 7000/yr for at least 4 more years = $49000 total
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	5	Develop and maintain conservation plans for each protected site	Ongoing Not Current	FY 2009		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 3 - Twin Cities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Management: Land Use	Species Expert	Plus 1995-1997 at 10000/yr = $30000 total
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	6	Continue statewide surveys	Partially Complete	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies	Research: Population Surveys	Labor type not yet selected	Plus 15000/yr for at least 4 more years = $95000 total. A number of organizations monitor individual populations regularly.	6A	Develop survey technique using dogs	Ongoing Current	2022	Labor type not yet selected	Work type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	1	7	Determine minimum viability of a colony	Ongoing Current	FY 2012		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies	Research: Population Surveys	Species Expert	The definition of a viable population as written in the recovery plan is no longer agreed upon. NHHB is working on developing a definition based on info that has come available since the recovery plan was written.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	10	Investigate effects of manipulation of light levels on I. medeoloides	Partially Complete	FY 2000 - FY 2004		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Habitat Requirements	Species Expert	Recent research has focused on the effects of habitat manipulation, in particular increasing light levels, to enhance SWP populations (Brumback & Fyler 2005, Cairns 2006). Anecdotal evidence as well as experimental manipulations within populations in New Hampshire (Brumback 2007, Cairns and Herrmann 2005, Cairns 2006) and in Massachusetts (Jennifer Garrett, Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, email dated 8/16/2010) indicate that increasing the level of light reaching the forest floor through understory and overstory canopy removal may increase the number of plant stems, flowers and capsules and may affect plant vigor. Cairns (2010) stated that there is anecdotal evidence that thinning at SWP sites has increased the number of stems, however it will be another two to five years before enough data is available to make a before-and-after analysis. As of 2011, after three years of collecting post-thinning data, no significant differences are apparent in the stem densities of plants in the herbaceous or low shrub layers before and after thinning (Cairns 2012a). In a controlled experiment, Brumback et. al. (2011) doubled the amount of light that reached the forest floor by removing shrubs and some of the canopy layer. They determined that this managed plot yielded significantly more SWP stems and seed capsules than a control plot. However, it should be noted that this experiment did not consist of any replicates. All of this research has focused on northern populations; it is unknown whether or not southerm populations will respond in the same way.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	11	Develop range wide consistency in monitoring strategies	Ongoing Current	FY 2012		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 5	Research: Population Assessment	Species Expert	This was discussed at Feb. 2102 recovery plan meeting. NHHB is working on this.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	12	Create displays for use at visitor information centers	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Federal Agencies, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Other: Information and Education	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	21	Monitor known sites and new sites as they are found	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		Other	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 3 - Twin Cities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Research: Population Assessment	Volunteer, Species Expert	Plus 5000for 1995-2001. Many known populations are monitored regularly.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	22	Determine when a population is to be considered historical	Obsolete			Other	Conservation Organizations, State agencies	Research: Population Assessment	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	23	Assess known habitat characteristics	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, Federal Agencies, State agencies	Research: Habitat Requirements	Species Expert	Work still being done to determine microhabitat preferences (ideal canopy cover, leaf litter composition, etc).
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	24	Determine those parameters most representative of preferred habitat	Ongoing Current			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, Federal Agencies, State agencies	Research: Habitat Requirements	Species Expert	Ongoing research on preferred canopy cover, leaf litter, etc.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	25	Develop predictive models for all three centers of geographical distribution	Ongoing Current	FY 2019		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Other Information	Species Expert
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	26	Survey areas identified by predictive models	Ongoing Current	FY 2019		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Population Surveys	Species Expert, Internal Technical Assistance	According to 2008 5 year review: Geographically appropriate habitat models similar to the New England models (Sperduto and Congalton 1996) should be developed and applied to targeted surveys to search for new populations.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	27	Continue detailed demographic studies of selected sites	Partially Complete	FY 2018		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Demographic Studies	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	28	Determine colonization of unoccupied habitat in order to identify appropriate buffers	Obsolete			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Other Information	Species Expert	Colonization by SWP into habitat adjacent to existing populations has not been documented. This was still the case as of the meeting in February 2012. There is evidence that colonization into new areas happens rarely, if at all, near existing populations.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	29	Investigate dormancy	Complete	FY 1995 - FY 1999	FY 2000 - FY 2004	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Research: General	Labor type not yet selected	Continuation of ongoing studies. $25000 total
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	30	Update brochure on I. medeoloides	Not Started			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Other: Information and Education	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	31	Provide information to pertinent municipal agencies in areas of I. medeoloides populations	Obsolete	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	USFWS Regional Office 3 - Twin Cities, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Other: Information and Education	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	8	Seek support of private landowners in protecting habitat through voluntary agreements	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Acquisition: General	Labor type not yet selected	Plus 2500/yr for at least 4 more years = $17500 total. Permanent protection of small whorled pogonia populations through land acquisition and conservation easements has primarily been undertaken in the northeastern portion of the species' range (New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maine, and Ohio). Protection of SWP sites elsewhere in its range is primarily as a result of surveys documenting populations on state and federal lands.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	2	9	Use existing regulatory mechanisms to protect I. medeoloides habitat	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Federal Agencies, State agencies, Region 5, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement, USFWS Region 3, Fish and Wildlife Enhancement, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Fish and Wildlife Enhancement	Other: Regulations	Labor type not yet selected	No funding
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	13	Encourage the development of comprehensive State plant protection legislation	Discontinued	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	State agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Other: Regulations	Labor type not yet selected	No funding
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	14	Determine researcher/visitor impacts on populations	Obsolete	FY 2008		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies	Other: Information and Education	Labor type not yet selected	1995-1996 at 2000/yr = $4000 total
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	15	Identify herbivore impacts	Ongoing Current	Prior to FY 1995		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies	Research: Predation	Species Expert	Herbivory continues to be documented for numerous populations throughout this species’ range, in particular by deer and rabbits. As the rural, forested SWP habitats are converted into developments and deer and rabbit populations increase due to hunting restrictions, increased herbivory on SWP may be anticipated. Smaller SWP populations may be particularly vulnerable to herbivory. A few populations in Virginia and North Carolina are protected by wire fencing around clustered SWPs to prevent deer browse (C. Ulrey, National Park Service, pers. comm. 2007). Other herbivores include non-native slugs, camel crickets, leaf rollers (Ware 1999), and possibly feral hogs in the mountains of North Carolina. Charlie Moreno is interested in mounting a Critter Cam at Parker Mtn to document herbivory.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	16	Investigate reproductive strategies	Complete	FY 2000 - FY 2004	FY 2000 - FY 2004	Other	State agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Research: General	Labor type not yet selected	Vitt and Campbell (1997) determined that SWP was primarily self-compatible and self-pollinating and concluded that reproduction may be limited by resources rather than pollen availability.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	17	Determine mycorrhizal interaction and function	Ongoing Current	FY 2016		Other	Federal Agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Habitat Requirements, Research: Other Information	Species Expert	Whigham (Smithsonian) is working on this. Because plant emergence has been so low, very few root samples have been obtained, although the researchers have determined that the fungus is more evident early on in the growing season, and this is when research efforts should be focused. As for the root samples that have been collected, fungi in the family Russulaceae have been identified. Species in this family are obligately ectomycorrhizal and associate with trees such as oaks, hickories, and beeches. Work to isolate the exact species of fungus and its obligate tree host species continues.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	18	Investigate genetic variability of populations within the three geographic centers and the outlying sites	Discontinued	FY 2000 - FY 2004		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Federal Agencies, Private research or academic institutions	Research: Genetics	Species Expert	Whigham et. al.'s (2011) analysis of DNA samples demonstrated that each population studied (in Virginia) is genetically diverse and unique and every plant, with the exception of those from one population, is the product of self-fertilization. When compared to New England populations, the results suggest that there may be genetic differences between regions.
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	19	Develop educational materials for distribution in schools	Obsolete	FY 2008		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	Conservation Organizations, State agencies, USFWS Regional Office 4 - Atlanta, USFWS Regional Office 5	Other: Information and Education	Labor type not yet selected
Small Whorled Pogonia	RF(1)	5	New England Ecological Services Field Office (603) 223-2541	Small whorled pogonia	Isotria medeoloides	3	20	Review recovery progress and update plan as necessary	Ongoing Not Current	FY 2023		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	USFWS Regional Office 5	Other: Administration	Species Expert	The definition of a viable population needs to be updated. NHHB is working on this.